Android 12 is the twelfth major release of the Android operating system, developed by Google. It was officially announced in October 2021 and released to the public in October 2022. Android 12 introduced several new features and improvements to enhance the user experience. Here's an overview of some key features and changes in Android 12:

1. Material You: Android 12 introduced a new design language called "Material You," which focuses on customization and personalization. It allows users to customize the system colors, fonts, and shapes to match their preferences.

2. Privacy enhancements: Google has placed a strong emphasis on user privacy in Android 12. The release introduced new privacy indicators that let users know when an app is accessing their camera or microphone. There are also improved controls for managing app permissions, such as granting temporary access to sensors and location.

3. Notification improvements: Android 12 revamped the notification system with a new design and added features. Users can now group notifications together for easier management, and they have more control over the appearance and behavior of notifications.

4. Quick Settings redesign: The Quick Settings panel received a visual overhaul, making it more user-friendly and customizable. It includes larger tiles and a more compact design for better accessibility.

5. Enhanced auto-rotate: Android 12 introduced an improved auto-rotate feature that uses the front-facing camera to detect the device's orientation accurately. This helps prevent accidental screen rotations and provides a smoother experience.

6. One-handed mode: A new one-handed mode was introduced in Android 12, making it easier to operate larger devices with a single hand. Users can activate this mode by swiping down on the bottom of the screen.

7. Improved haptic feedback: Android 12 brought enhanced haptic feedback capabilities, allowing developers to create more immersive and realistic touch feedback experiences in their apps.

8. Performance and security enhancements: Android 12 introduced various under-the-hood improvements to enhance overall system performance and security. It includes faster app launching, reduced CPU usage, improved battery life, and more secure app installation.

9. Gaming enhancements: Android 12 introduced several gaming-related improvements. This includes a new Game Mode API that allows developers to optimize games for better performance, reduced latency, and improved graphics. The release also introduced support for Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) displays, which can provide smoother gaming experiences on devices that support this feature.

10. App hibernation: Android 12 introduced an App Hibernation feature that allows users to put rarely used apps into a dormant state, freeing up storage space and improving device performance. Hibernated apps are essentially frozen and don't consume system resources until they are used again.

9. Wi-Fi Passpoint: Android 12 added support for Passpoint, a feature that enables devices to seamlessly connect to supported Wi-Fi networks without the need for manual authentication. This makes it easier to connect to public Wi-Fi hotspots that require user credentials.

10. Conversation widgets: Android 12 introduced Conversation widgets, which provide an interactive and dynamic way to engage with conversations and messages from messaging apps on the home screen. These widgets display recent messages and provide quick actions for replying or opening the messaging app.

11. Improved auto-fill: Android 12 enhanced the auto-fill feature, making it easier and more secure to fill in usernames, passwords, and other details across apps and websites. The system now suggests and auto-fills verification codes sent via SMS or other messaging apps.

12. AVIF image support: Android 12 introduced native support for AVIF (AV1 Image File Format), a new image format that offers improved compression and image quality compared to traditional formats like JPEG. This allows for smaller file sizes without compromising image quality.

13. Enhanced clipboard access: Android 12 introduced a new ClipboardReadDenied system permission to enhance privacy and security. Apps are now required to explicitly request permission to access the clipboard contents, limiting the risk of sensitive data being accessed without user knowledge.

14. Scrolling screenshots: Android 12 added native support for scrolling screenshots, allowing users to capture an entire webpage, document, or other content that extends beyond a single screen. This makes it easier to capture and share long content.

15. Improved auto-rotate for face-down situations: Android 12 introduced an improved auto-rotate feature for face-down situations. If the device is placed face-down, the system can prevent rotation and keep the screen locked in place, avoiding accidental screen rotations.

1. Privacy Dashboard: Android 12 introduced a Privacy Dashboard that provides users with an overview of which apps accessed their location, microphone, and camera. It offers greater transparency and control over app permissions and allows users to easily manage their privacy settings.

2. App hibernation: Android 12 introduced an App Hibernation feature that allows users to put rarely used apps into a dormant state, freeing up storage space and improving device performance. Hibernated apps are essentially frozen and don't consume system resources until they are used again.

3. Smoother screen rotation: Android 12 introduced smoother screen rotation animations, making the transition between portrait and landscape orientations more seamless and visually pleasing.

4. Improved auto-rotate: Android 12 improved the auto-rotate feature by introducing a new face detection algorithm that uses the front-facing camera to detect the user's face orientation accurately. This helps prevent accidental screen rotations and provides a more reliable auto-rotate experience.

5. Internet Panel: Android 12 introduced an Internet Panel that allows users to switch between different internet-connected devices and networks quickly. It provides a convenient way to manage and control internet connectivity across devices.

6. App pairs: Android 12 introduced App Pairs, a feature that allows users to create pairs of apps for easier multitasking. Users can launch and switch between two apps simultaneously, making it more convenient to use multiple apps in split-screen or picture-in-picture mode.

7. Improved auto-fill: Android 12 enhanced the auto-fill feature by allowing users to select their preferred auto-fill service directly from the keyboard. This streamlines the process of filling in forms and login details across different apps and websites.

8. Wi-Fi sharing with Nearby Share: Android 12 introduced the ability to share Wi-Fi network credentials with nearby devices using the Nearby Share feature. This makes it easier and more convenient to share Wi-Fi access with friends, family, or colleagues.

1. Enhanced accessibility features: Android 12 introduced several accessibility enhancements, including a new "Reduce Bright Colors" option for users sensitive to bright visuals. It also improved the TalkBack screen reader, added new gesture navigation options, and enhanced voice access functionality.

2. Privacy indicators in the status bar: Android 12 introduced privacy indicators in the status bar to provide users with quick visual cues when an app is accessing their camera or microphone. This gives users greater awareness and control over app permissions.

3. Enhanced auto-rotate for one-handed use: Android 12 introduced an improved auto-rotate feature for one-handed use. When using the device with one hand, the system can detect the orientation and adjust the screen accordingly, making it more convenient to operate the device single-handedly.